Nano-Engineered Thin-Film Coatings for Self-Healing Asphalt Pavements: A Simulation and Review Study

Abstract

The durability of asphalt pavements is frequently compromised due to microcracking, oxidative ageing, and thermal fatigue, necessitating periodic and resource-intensive maintenance. In this study, we investigate the potential of nano-engineered thin-film coatings as a novel self-healing surface treatment for asphalt pavements, utilising a combination of simulation techniques and a comprehensive literature review. Functional thin films incorporating nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, TiO₂, and nano-silica, offer smart responsiveness to external stimuli, including heat or UV light, which can activate self-healing mechanisms in bituminous systems. Through finite element-based simulation models, the study investigates the mechanical stress distribution and healing potential under different environmental and loading conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that nanocoatings can delay crack initiation and enhance bitumen mobility in aged or damaged zones, contributing to the extension of pavement lifespan. In parallel, the review highlights advances in thin-film application techniques such as sol-gel processing, spray coating, and in-situ curing on asphalt surfaces. Key parameters such as film thickness, material compatibility, and environmental durability are also discussed. This research adopts a hybrid approach for assessing the viability of integrating nano-engineered films in pavement engineering, offering guidance for future experimental validation. The findings support the vision of sustainable, low-maintenance roads and contribute to the broader field of functional thin films in energy and civil infrastructure applications.